Education & Learning
Writing, Briefly
paulgraham.com
Education & Learning
2 min read → 65 sec
A compact set of writing principles argues that writing is a tool for thinking. It recommends fast drafting, heavy rewriting, simple language, trusted feedback, and habits that help ideas emerge while writing.
Writing generates ideas, not just communication
Weak writing blocks much of your thinking
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Most essay ideas appear after writing starts.
About 50% of starting ideas are wrong.
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Draft version 1 fast, then rewrite repeatedly and cut everything unnecessary.
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Detailed outlines are not always useful.
Essays often change while being written.
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How to start when stuck
1
Mull ideas for a few days and carry notes
2
Start when the first sentence appears
3
If a deadline forces early start, begin with the most important sentence
4
If you cannot start, explain the topic aloud, then write down what you said
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Do not hesitate to change the topic on the fly if the writing leads there.
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Style rules
1
Write in a conversational tone
2
Use simple Germanic words
3
Avoid sounding impressive
4
Develop a nose for bad writing so you can spot and fix it
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Imitate writers you like until you absorb stronger habits.
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Editing tactics
1
Read drafts aloud to catch awkward phrases and boring paragraphs
2
Print drafts on paper
3
Fix mistakes immediately and tone down harsh lines
4
Ask which sentence you may regret most
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Trusted friends should mark confusing parts and sections that drag.
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Work in big blocks of time, reread when restarting, and leave an easy next step when stopping.
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Use footnotes for digressions, and distinguish surprises from digressions.
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Write for readers who will read less carefully than you do.
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Learn to recognize the approach of an ending, and grab it when it appears.
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An audience online makes you write more, which generates more ideas.
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